Semnan University Press Mechanics of Advanced Composite Structures 2423-4826 Articles in Press 2026 02 15 Asymmetric and Oblique Impact on Perforated Plate and Ceramic–Composite Armor Systems: A numerical Study 10481 10.22075/macs.2026.37671.1851 EN Hamad Rajab Faculty of Materials & Manufacturing Technologies, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Tayebeh Akbari Faculty of Materials & Manufacturing Technologies, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-9338-1049 Ali Davar Faculty of Materials & Manufacturing Technologies, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Jafar Eskandari Jam Faculty of Materials & Manufacturing Technologies, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 05 07 This study focuses on the design and development of an advanced armor system that combines perforated steel plates and ceramic with a zigzag geometry to enhance ballistic protection. The objective is to provide effective defense against high-velocity armor-piercing threats while maintaining lightweight characteristics. The armor system consists of a perforated steel plate integrated with a base made of zigzagged silicon carbide (SiC), aluminum, and Kevlar. The novel aspect of this design lies in the modification of the ceramic surface, where a contoured geometry is implemented to increase energy absorption and projectile deflection upon impact. Additionally, conical perforations are introduced in the steel plate to enhance asymmetric impact behavior, contributing to the armor's ability to deflect or fragment incoming projectiles. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using LS-DYNA simulations and design of experiment software were employed to determine the optimal geometric configuration of the perforations and ceramic surface. This analysis focused on parameters such as the angle of the conical hole, the arrangement and thickness ratio of the aluminum and Kevlar layers, and the air gap between the perforated plate and the base armor. The results indicate that the combination of the perforated steel plate and the modified ceramic surface significantly improves ballistic performance by enhancing the armor's capacity to dissipate impact energy and prevent penetration. The developed system demonstrates its effectiveness in protecting against armor-piercing threats while offering a lightweight solution for military and civilian defense applications. https://macs.semnan.ac.ir/article_10481_c0cfa472fa4f1133c62dcaa85eb506e2.pdf