Semnan University PressMechanics of Advanced Composite Structures2423-482613220261101Characterization of Physical and Mechanical Properties, and Morphology of Wood Composites Derived from Milk Bottles and Teak Sawdust Powder259269997210.22075/macs.2025.35573.1743ENNuan La-ongSrakaewDepartment of Materials and Medical Technology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, ThailandWissanuCharerntanomDepartment of Materials and Medical Technology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, ThailandPatcharaponSomdeeDepartment of Materials and Medical Technology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, ThailandNatkritaPrasoetsophaDepartment of Materials and Medical Technology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, ThailandIng-ornSittitanadolDepartment of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, Khon Kaen, 40000, ThailandKanokonNuilekDepartment of Materials and Medical Technology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, ThailandJournal Article20241009This study aims to develop recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) composites reinforced with teak sawdust (TS) and evaluate their mechanical properties to determine the optimal composition for furniture applications. The composites were fabricated through internal mixing followed by compression molding, utilizing maleic anhydride (MA) as a coupling agent to enhance interfacial adhesion between TS and the rHDPE matrix. While this improves impact strength, it simultaneously reduces the overall strength of the composite. The results revealed that incorporating TS significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the composite. At 50 wt%, TS increased the tensile modulus by 120.79% and Shore D hardness by 10.65% compared to pure rHDPE, while the maximum improvement in flexural strength (15.29%) was observed at 30 wt%. Conversely, higher TS content led to an increase in the composite’s density and water absorption while reducing its impact strength. Despite this trade-off, the enhanced stiffness, strength, and cost-effectiveness make these composites promising for sustainable, low-cost furniture applications. A cost analysis revealed that the production cost of these composites is approximately 191 THB/m², significantly lower than that of conventional wood-plastic composites (WPCs), which range from 400 to 800 THB/m². This study lies in utilizing TS, an underutilized wood waste, as a reinforcing agent for rHDPE derived from recycled milk bottles. This approach not only improves the mechanical performance of rHDPE but also promotes a circular economy by repurposing two types of waste materials into functional composite materials.https://macs.semnan.ac.ir/article_9972_bfffce2685ab1ae2eae64f8a4cfa124b.pdfSemnan University PressMechanics of Advanced Composite Structures2423-482613220261101Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of Coir, Kapok, and Hemp Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites for a Variety of Applications271281984110.22075/macs.2025.36728.1795ENKaturi Karthik VenkatSaiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Hyderabad, 500043, Telangana, IndiaPendaAchyuthDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Hyderabad, 500043, Telangana, IndiaMatta Vishnu JagadiswarReddyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Hyderabad, 500043, Telangana, IndiaSekaran SatheesKumarDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, IndiaPravat RanjanPatiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, IndiaJournal Article20250128Natural fiber composites (NFC), as the name implies, are created from natural resources and so have environmental benefits such as biodegradability. NFC has grown in popularity in recent years due to its natural properties in a wide range of applications, including automotive, commodities, structural, and infrastructure. The aim of this research is to use ineffective natural fibers to create effective societal applications. This work uses coir as a foundation material and hemp and kapok as fibers/filler materials. The weight proportion of coir was held constant, while the remaining two fibers/fillers were changed. To observe mechanical parameters, ductile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests were performed in line with ASTM regulations. The experimental results show that sample D (25% coir, 20% hemp, 5% kapok) demonstrated the highest mechanical performance, with a tensile strength of 66.28 MPa, flexural strength of 138.92 MPa, impact strength of 9 J/m², and hardness of 74.18 Shore D. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations of composite fracture surfaces revealed that fiber surface alteration occurred, improving fiber-matrix adhesion. These composites can be used for a wide range of industrial, commercial, and consumer-based advancements.https://macs.semnan.ac.ir/article_9841_8af2fb98707f39b428fffacde87f4230.pdfSemnan University PressMechanics of Advanced Composite Structures2423-482613220261101Improving Prediction of Compressive Strength of Rectangular/Square (R/S) FRP-Confined Concrete Using Machine Learning283304984210.22075/macs.2025.35977.1764ENMohammadGhasemiDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Velayat, Iranshahr, IranYaserMoodiDepartment of Civil Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, IranSeyed RohollahMousaviCivil Engineering Department, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IranJournal Article20241129Several experimental studies have been conducted on concrete confined with FRP sheets, and various models have been proposed in previous research to determine its compressive strength. However, studies have shown that Machine Learning (ML)-based methods offer higher accuracy than these models. In this study, the effectiveness of different machine learning methods is investigated for predicting the ultimate compressive strength of Rectangular/Square (R/S) FRP-confined concrete columns. These methods include ELM, GMDH, ANFIS, and the Kriging interpolation method. Also, this study proposes utilizing optimization science as a solution to enhance the performance of the ANFIS method. As an innovation in this study, the Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA), a nature-inspired metaheuristic, has been used to optimize the parameters of the ANFIS method. To show the ability of ML methods to estimate compressive strength, statistical indices were calculated and ML methods were compared; the correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) for ELM, GMDH, ANFIS, ANFIS-MPA, and Kriging interpolation methods was equal to 0.89, 0.92, 0.92, 0.93, and 0.98, respectively. Also, these results show that the proposed methods have better performance than the best models in previous studies, with an average error reduction of 62%.https://macs.semnan.ac.ir/article_9842_ebf529b0497cb263858e928bb4fa8a5b.pdfSemnan University PressMechanics of Advanced Composite Structures2423-482613220261101Strength Behavior of Soft Soil Treated with Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ash and Nano Zeolite305317997310.22075/macs.2025.36088.1777ENSaurabhKumarDepartment of Civil Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010, IndiaSnehaGuptaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010, IndiaJournal Article20241207Nano-zeolites are crystalline, microporous aluminosilicates with nanometer-sized particles (ranging from 1 to 100 nm), recognized for their high surface area and notable pozzolanic activity. Although the stabilization of soft soils using various waste materials and chemical additives has been widely studied, the combined application of nano-zeolite and municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWIA) has received little attention. This study introduces a novel, sustainable soil stabilization approach by utilizing MSWIA and nano-zeolite as dual stabilizers for soft soils. MSWIA is a waste material produced by municipal waste incineration plants and is now emerging as a useful material for soil stabilization. A comprehensive experimental program involving direct shear tests and unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests was conducted on soil samples treated with varying percentages of MSWIA (5–20%) and nano-zeolite (0.2–1%) by dry weight of the mix. Treated samples were cured for 1, 7, and 28 days. The results revealed a significant improvement in mechanical properties, with the UCS of soil stabilized with 20% MSWIA and 1% nano-zeolite increasing by 9.2 times at 7 days and 12.7 times at 28 days, as compared to untreated soil. The findings also highlight the positive influence of curing under natural moisture conditions on the strength development of the stabilized soil. SEM analysis showed a denser soil structure and better particle bonding, while EDX confirmed higher levels of Ca, Si, Al, and Fe, indicating pozzolanic activity. This stabilization approach is particularly well-suited for applications such as road subgrades, embankment foundations, and land reclamation.https://macs.semnan.ac.ir/article_9973_807d22e9140d7afbb4ceff47d3f24e42.pdfSemnan University PressMechanics of Advanced Composite Structures2423-482613220261101Hybrid Polymer Composite Tensile Strength Estimation Using K-Nearest Neighboring Classification Algorithm319338984010.22075/macs.2025.36748.1798ENVijaykumar ShivashankarJattiSymbiosis Skills and Professional University, Kiwale, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaNeetaDeshpandeR.H. SAPAT College of Engineering, Management Studies and Research, Maharashtra, IndiaSaiyathibrahimAbdulpariDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, IndiaBalajiKaruppiahDepartment of Aeronautical Engineering, Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology, Parul University, IndiaJournal Article20250130The aim of this research work is to characterize the tensile strength of ABS-Cu and ABS-Al composites of different proportions of percentage compositions, as well as the incorporation of surfactant material. For the analysis carried out in the present study, the k-Nearest Neighboring (kNN) classification algorithm is used in order to predict the tensile strength of the various compositions of the ABS-Al and ABS-Cu composites. Real data was not used to train the model due to the time-consuming process; instead, they resorted to synthetic data for the classification model, and for the tensile strength data, they were trained and predicted with better results. The kNN classification algorithm of the ABS-Cu predicted the k-value accuracy to be 80% for k=1 and k=2, and 85% for k=3 and k=5. Similarly, the prediction accuracy for the ABS-Al composition yielded the same results: As the value of k is increased, the required percentage of samples is 80% for k=1 and k=2, 85% for k=3, and 90% for k=5, respectively. The kNN classification algorithm model was also successful in predicting tensile strength, with a recall of more than 80% and an F1 score of 90-95%. A higher quantity of copper and aluminium is said to have the ability to improve the tensile strength of the specimens.https://macs.semnan.ac.ir/article_9840_1c8044d1b1d5893801801249306dbdfd.pdfSemnan University PressMechanics of Advanced Composite Structures2423-482613220261101Mechanical and Physical Properties Observations for Cu-Gr-SiC Composite Synthesized by Powder Metallurgy339345997410.22075/macs.2025.37505.1840ENAvinashSharmaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow, IndiaRajesh KumarPorwalFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow, IndiaJournal Article20250425This study examines the mechanical and physical properties of copper-graphite-silicon carbide (Cu-Gr-SiC) metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on parameters such as density, micro-hardness, compressive strength, flexural strength, and EDX analysis. Composites were developed using 5 wt.% graphite and varying SiC content (0–15 wt.%), using powder metallurgy techniques. The sintered density decreased from 8.23 g/cc for pure copper to 6.09 g/cc for the composite with 15 wt.%SiC, attributed to the lower densities of the reinforcing phases. Micro-hardness increased from 56 HV to 74.2 HV with rising SiC content, reflecting the hardening and grain refinement effect of SiC. Flexural strength reached a maximum of 200 MPa at 15 wt.%SiC, while compressive strength improved up to 5 wt.% SiC but declined at higher concentrations due to increased brittleness. EDX analysis confirmed uniform dispersion of reinforcements with minimal oxidation. These results support the use of Cu-Gr-SiC MMCs in demanding applications, with an optimal balance between reinforcement and mechanical performance.https://macs.semnan.ac.ir/article_9974_7cbb3c1c124919b9ad4881e82c515668.pdfSemnan University PressMechanics of Advanced Composite Structures2423-482613220261101Dielectric and Thermal Behaviour Analysis of Epoxy Composites Filled with Date Seed Particles Using Finite Element Method347355997510.22075/macs.2025.36745.1797ENLokanatha DhallSamantaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Synergy Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dhenkanal, Odisha, IndiaPriyabratPradhanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Synergy Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dhenkanal, Odisha, IndiaHemalataJenaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IndiaAbhilashPurohitDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaBibhuti BhusanSahooSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaJournal Article20250130This study reports the thermal and dielectric behaviours of epoxy composites filled with date seed particles. DSP-epoxy composites are fabricated by adding date seed powder into epoxy resin at varying weight (0-25 %) and volume (0-17.95 %) fractions using a hand layup technique. The thermal conductivity of the composites is measured by UnithermTM2022 and HIOKI-3532-50 Hi Tester ElsierAnalyzer determines the dielectric constant. The finite element method (FEM) using Digimat FE software is used to simulate the thermal conductivity of the DSP-epoxy composites. The result showed that the thermal conductivity of the epoxy reduced by 27 % from 0.362 W/ m-K to 0.261 W/ m-K with the addition of 17.95 vol. % of DSP. The FEM-predicted values are found to be closest to the measured values, with an error range of 6-10%. The dielectric constant of the composites increased with the addition of DSP content across all frequency ranges due to interfacial and dipolar polarization. However, the dielectric constant decreased at high frequencies due to a lag in dipole orientation.https://macs.semnan.ac.ir/article_9975_9064db4f398bf28c51154edadad42739.pdfSemnan University PressMechanics of Advanced Composite Structures2423-482613220261101Parametric Investigation of Particle Movements in Ultrasonic Levitation Process Using Piezoelectric Materials357369919510.22075/macs.2024.33542.1623ENMohammad RezaSheykholeslamiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, IranDavoodDehghaniDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, IranAliJabbariDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, IranHamidAbdiSchool of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, AustraliaSiamakMazdakDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, IranSimoneCinquemaniDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, Milan, 20156, ItalyAbbasAmoochiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, IranJournal Article20240314Using ultrasonic waves to levitate particles is ultrasonic levitation, and it has potential applications in various fields such as micromaterial handling, medicine, and material characterization. For many of these applications, the behavior of the levitated particles during the levitation time is critical, including movements of the particle at a levitated point. Electrical potential and the distance between the transducer and reflector are two main parameters affecting the movement of the levitated particles. In this paper, a second-order linear model considering the effect of these parameters was presented to predict particle movement based on numerical results. In the modeling part, a 2D COMSOL dimensional axis-symmetric finite element model has been used to simulate ultrasonic levitation. Experimental tests have been performed and used to validate the model. The results in this report could help to understand the main factors in the movement of the levitated particle and develop methodologies for particle stabilization.https://macs.semnan.ac.ir/article_9195_f09789ad0e932a5adf0ed6931dd02d63.pdfSemnan University PressMechanics of Advanced Composite Structures2423-482613220261101Investigating the Effective Factors for Enhancing the Optimization of Al6061/8Al2O3-3WC-8SiC Composite Using the Friction Stir Process3713791039510.22075/macs.2025.35652.1747ENMohammad HasanRajabi DelivandDepartment of Materials Engineering & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, 1678815811, IranHosseinLashgariDepartment of Materials Engineering & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, 1678815811, IranMohammadHoseinpour GolloDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, 1678815811, Iran0000-0003-4633-1318AmirMomeniDepartment of Materials Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, 65155579, IranSoroushParviziDepartment of Materials Engineering & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, 1678815811, IranJournal Article20241017Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is an advanced solid-state technique widely recognized for its ability to enhance the microstructural and mechanical properties of materials, particularly in the fabrication of surface composites. This study investigates the application of FSP to fabricate a surface composite based on Al6061 alloy, reinforced with 8% Al₂O₃, 3% WC, and 8% SiC particles, aiming to improve its mechanical performance. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying rotational and linear speeds on the processed samples. The results revealed an 89% reduction in grain size within the stir zone, decreasing from 92 ± 8 µm to 10 ± 1 µm, accompanied by a significant increase in hardness from 44 HV₅₀ to 61 HV₅₀, representing a 38.6% improvement. Increasing the number of FSP passes further enhanced hardness, with values of 53 HV₅₀, 60 HV₅₀, and 61 HV₅₀ for one, two, and four passes, respectively, indicating a 15.1% increase. A consistent ratio of 25 between rotational and traverse speeds was identified for aluminum alloy 6061, emphasizing the importance of precise parameter control. The optimum processing parameters were determined to be a rotational speed of 1000 rpm, a traverse speed of 40 mm/min, and four passes. Moreover, the incorporation of reinforcing particles significantly improved hardness, increasing from 50 HV₅₀ to 61 HV₅₀, a 22% enhancement, highlighting their critical role in strengthening the material. These findings demonstrate the potential of FSP as a highly effective method for optimizing material performance, offering valuable insights for applications in industries such as automotive, medical, and railway transportation.https://macs.semnan.ac.ir/article_10395_513a75aa1137c83cd726d83b43803741.pdfSemnan University PressMechanics of Advanced Composite Structures2423-482613220261101Influence of Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) on the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Epoxy Phenol Novolac Resin3813901027010.22075/macs.2025.37479.1841ENMahmoudHeydariDepartment of chemical engineering, Faculty of engineering, Imam hossein comprehensive university, Tehran, IranKomeilPahlavani BidgoliDepartment of chemical engineering, Faculty of engineering, Imam hossein comprehensive university, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250425Epoxy phenol novolac resin is among the most widely used matrix materials in the fabrication of composite structures. Incorporating elastomeric droplets into the matrix is one approach to enhancing the properties of composite materials. The effects of two hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) types with hydroxyl values of 0.75 and 0.45 on the impact strength, toughness, tensile properties, and dielectric characteristics of an epoxy phenol novolac resin were investigated. The results demonstrated that a 2.5 wt% addition of the first HTPB type (hydroxyl value = 0.75) led to a 15% increase in impact strength, whereas the second type (hydroxyl value = 0.45) exhibited a negligible effect. Incorporating 2.5 wt% of the first and second HTPB types improved toughness by 108% and 56%, respectively. Both HTPB variants increased elongation at break but reduced tensile strength and modulus. Additionally, the inclusion of 2.5 wt% HTPB resulted in a 70% reduction in the dielectric constant. The difference in the behavior of the two HTPB types was attributed to their varying compatibility with the epoxy phenol novolac resin. Higher hydroxyl content (0.75 vs. 0.45) improved compatibility, leading to better interfacial adhesion and more uniform dispersion within the matrix.https://macs.semnan.ac.ir/article_10270_2c037b3665d887dc810d5995659a60d9.pdf